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EU DPP Battery Ontology

Release: 2026-07-07

Modified on: 2026-09-03
This version:: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery/0.4.0
Revision:: Version 0.4.0 DRAFT
Issued on:: 2026-07-07
Authors:: Marc-Andree Wolf; Nader Jelassi
Contributors:: Arnab Sinha
Source:: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/1542/oj
See also:: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-categories; https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-cf-shapes; https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-chemistries; https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-extinguisher-classes; https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-labeling; https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-locations; https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-materials; https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-metals; https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-performance; https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-statuses
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Cite as:: EU DPP Battery Ontology. Draft version 0.4.0.

Provenance of this page

Ontology Specification Draft

EU DPP Battery Ontology: Overview back to ToC

This ontology has the following classes and properties.

EU DPP Battery Ontology : Description back to ToC

Developed against the CIRPASS-2 CORE ontology v2.0.5 (refresh of 25 August 2026; P_DPP v2.0.6 of 27 August 2026, MAT v1.0.2). External references are pinned to these versions.

Cross-reference for EU DPP Battery Ontology classes, object properties and data properties back to ToC

This section provides details for each class and property defined by EU DPP Battery Ontology.

Accident Event^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-performance#AccidentEvent

An accident affecting the battery, including when incorporated in the equipment it is powering. Specialises the generic ProductEvent class of the CORE event module, of which MaintenanceEvent is a sibling: an accident is not a maintenance operation. The link to the battery is provided by the CORE event mechanism (no dedicated object property in this module).

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-performance

has super-classes: Product Event ^c
is in domain of: information on accidents ^dp

Battery^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery#Battery

A battery placed on the market or put into service, subject of a battery passport under Regulation (EU) 2023/1542. Modelled as a subclass of the cross-sectoral Product class. A battery incorporated as a component of another product remains a Product, linked through the CORE component property (no dedicated Component class), in line with CIRPASS-2 modelling decisions. The regulatory category of a battery is expressed through the CORE property dpp:hasProductGroup, pointing to one of the five individuals of the battery-categories vocabulary; no category property is declared in the battery namespace. Its lifecycle status is expressed through bat:hasBatteryStatus, declared locally for want of a cross-sectoral equivalent. The date of manufacture is carried by the cross-sectoral property dpp:manufacturingDate, settled on ontologies-core#33; no manufacturing date property is declared in the battery namespace.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery

Source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/1542/oj

has super-classes: Product ^c
is in domain of: dismantling information ^dp, due diligence audit ^dp, due diligence report ^dp, has battery chemistry ^op, has battery durability ^op, has battery label ^op, has battery performance ^op, has battery state record ^op, has battery status ^op, has temperature exposure ^op, safety measures ^dp, test report results ^dp, warranty period ^dp

Battery Chemistry^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-materials#BatteryChemistry

The electrochemical composition of the battery, reflecting the active materials used in cathode and anode and, voluntarily, electrolyte. Specialises the cross-sectoral MaterialOfComposition class.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-materials

has super-classes: Material Of Composition ^c
is in domain of: has battery location ^op
is in range of: has battery chemistry ^op

Battery Durability^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-performance#BatteryDurability

Battery-specific durability data: expected lifetime in calendar years and in charge-discharge cycles, number of full cycles, energy and capacity throughput, capacity threshold for exhaustion. Specialises the cross-sectoral Durability quality indicator (ESPR Art. 2 (22)).

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-performance

has super-classes: Durability ^c
is in domain of: capacity threshold for exhaustion ^dp, expected lifetime in calendar years ^dp, expected lifetime: number of charge-discharge cycles ^dp
is in range of: has battery durability ^op

Battery Label^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-labeling#BatteryLabel

A label or symbol required on the battery or in its passport under Regulation (EU) 2023/1542 (e.g. separate collection symbol, cadmium symbol, lead symbol, carbon footprint label). Provisional battery-specific class: it is declared here only because the CORE has no cross-sectoral Labelling class yet. When that class lands (CIRPASS-2/ontologies-core#55), BatteryLabel is to be re-anchored as a specialisation of it rather than kept as a root class.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-labeling

Source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/1542/oj

is in domain of: extinguishing agent ^op, labeling symbol ^dp, separate collection symbol ^dp, symbol for cadmium ^dp, symbol for lead ^dp
is in range of: has battery label ^op

Battery Location^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-materials#BatteryLocation

An internal location within the battery where a material or sub-component resides. Battery-specific class with no CORE anchor. Its value set is the battery-locations vocabulary, which declares the three locations named by Regulation (EU) 2023/1542, Annex XIII 2(a): cathode, anode and electrolyte.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-materials

is in range of: has battery location ^op
has members: Anode ⁿⁱ, Cathode ⁿⁱ, Electrolyte ⁿⁱ

Battery Performance^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-performance#BatteryPerformance

Container for the electrochemical performance and in-use state parameters of a battery: capacity (rated, remaining, fade), voltage (minimum, maximum, nominal), power capability, round trip energy efficiency, self-discharge rates, internal resistance, cycle-life test parameters, and in-use event counters. Anchored under the cross-sectoral Property class, not under QuantitativeProperty: this is a container grouping several measured quantities, not a quantity itself, and would otherwise inherit hasMeasurementUnit, which has no meaning on a container.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-performance

has super-classes: Property ^c
is in domain of: C-rate of relevant cycle-life test ^dp, certified usable battery energy ^dp, cycle-life reference test ^dp, initial internal resistance of battery cell and pack ^dp, initial round trip energy efficiency ^dp, initial self-discharge rate ^dp, maximum permitted battery power ^dp, maximum voltage ^dp, minimum voltage ^dp, nominal voltage ^dp, original power capability ^dp, rated capacity ^dp, ratio between nominal battery power and battery energy ^dp, round trip energy efficiency at 50% of cycle life ^dp
is in range of: has battery performance ^op

Battery State Record^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-performance#BatteryStateRecord

A dated record of the values a battery management system updates during operational life. One record per reading; the series of records is the history required by Annex XIII 4 and Annex VII Part B, which describe data that changes over the life of the product rather than a single snapshot. Anchored under dpp:Property and deliberately not under dpp:QuantitativeProperty: this is a container grouping several measured quantities, not a quantity itself, and would otherwise inherit dpp:hasMeasurementUnit, which has no meaning on a container. Which properties belong here follows the 'Data behavioural characteristic: static vs. dynamic' column of the BatteryPass-Ready Data Attribute Long List v1.3, not a local judgement.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-performance

Source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/1542/oj

has super-classes: Property ^c
is in domain of: as-of date ^dp, capacity fade ^dp, capacity throughput ^dp, current self-discharge rate ^dp, energy round trip efficiency fade ^dp, energy throughput ^dp, evolution of self-discharge rates ^dp, internal resistance increase of pack ^dp, number of deep discharge events ^dp, number of full charging and discharging cycles ^dp, number of overcharge events ^dp, power fade ^dp, remaining capacity ^dp, remaining power capability ^dp, remaining round trip energy efficiency ^dp, remaining usable battery energy ^dp, state of certified energy (SOCE) ^dp, state of charge (SoC) ^dp, temperature information ^dp, time spent charging during extreme temperatures above boundary ^dp, time spent charging during extreme temperatures below boundary ^dp, time spent in extreme temperatures above boundary ^dp, time spent in extreme temperatures below boundary ^dp
is in range of: has battery state record ^op

Temperature Exposure^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-performance#TemperatureExposure

Container for the thermal exposure of the battery in use: operating temperature information, idle-state temperature range boundaries, and aggregated time spent (and spent charging) in extreme temperatures outside those boundaries. Anchored under the cross-sectoral Property class, not under QuantitativeProperty: this is a container grouping several measured quantities, not a quantity itself.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-performance

has super-classes: Property ^c
is in domain of: temperature range idle state, lower boundary ^dp, temperature range idle state, upper boundary ^dp
is in range of: has temperature exposure ^op

Object Properties

extinguishing agent
has battery chemistry
has battery durability
has battery label
has battery location
has battery performance
has battery state record
has battery status
has temperature exposure

extinguishing agent^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-labeling#extinguishingAgent

Specification of the usable extinguishing agent, as one of the extinguisher classes of the battery-extinguisher-classes vocabulary. Retyped from a free-text datatype property in v0.2.0: the value set is now controlled.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-labeling

has domain: Battery Label ^c
has range: Concept ^c

has battery chemistry^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-materials#hasBatteryChemistry

Links a battery to its electrochemical chemistry. Declared as a sub-property of the CORE product-to-material link dpp:hasMaterial (CONNECTOR).

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-materials

has super-properties: has Material ^op
has domain: Battery ^c
has range: Battery Chemistry ^c

has battery durability^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-performance#hasBatteryDurability

Links a battery to its durability data. Specialises the cross-sectoral dpp:hasProperty (Product -> Property); the chain BatteryDurability = dpp:Durability = QualityIndicator = QuantitativeProperty = Property was verified in P_DPP v2.0.0.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-performance

has super-properties: has Property ^op
has domain: Battery ^c
has range: Battery Durability ^c

has battery label^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-labeling#hasBatteryLabel

Links a battery to a label or symbol required by the Batteries Regulation.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-labeling

has domain: Battery ^c
has range: Battery Label ^c

has battery location^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-materials#hasBatteryLocation

Links a battery material of composition to its internal location within the battery. The domain is restricted to BatteryChemistry rather than the cross-sectoral MaterialOfComposition, so that this battery-specific property is not asserted on materials of other sectors.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-materials

has domain: Battery Chemistry ^c
has range: Battery Location ^c

has battery performance^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-performance#hasBatteryPerformance

Links a battery to its electrochemical performance and in-use state data.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-performance

has super-properties: has Property ^op
has domain: Battery ^c
has range: Battery Performance ^c

has battery state record^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-performance#hasBatteryStateRecord

Links a battery to one dated record of its in-use state. A battery carries as many records as there are readings; no ordering property is declared, the as-of date orders the series.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-performance

has super-properties: has Property ^op
has domain: Battery ^c
has range: Battery State Record ^c

has battery status^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery#hasBatteryStatus

Links a battery to its lifecycle status: one of the five individuals of the battery-statuses vocabulary (original, repurposed, re-used, remanufactured, waste). This is the status of the battery as a physical item, and not the status of its passport as a digital resource, which the CORE carries on dpp:DPP through dpp:dppStatus. Declared locally, unlike the battery category and the battery chemistry, because the CORE has no generic product status property to reuse: dpp:hasProductGroup carries the product group, not the state of the item. This is a stopgap: a cross-sectoral eudpp:productStatus on eudpp:Product was requested in CIRPASS-2/ontologies-core#35 (opened 22 June 2026, still open), motivated by this very attribute. When it lands, this property is to be deprecated in favour of it, using owl:deprecated and dcterms:isReplacedBy.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery

Source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/1542/oj

has domain: Battery ^c
has range: Concept ^c

has temperature exposure^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-performance#hasTemperatureExposure

Links a battery to its in-use thermal exposure data.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-performance

has super-properties: has Property ^op
has domain: Battery ^c
has range: Temperature Exposure ^c

Data Properties

as-of date
C-rate of relevant cycle-life test
capacity fade
capacity threshold for exhaustion
capacity throughput
certified usable battery energy
current self-discharge rate
cycle-life reference test
dismantling information
due diligence audit
due diligence report
energy round trip efficiency fade
energy throughput
evolution of self-discharge rates
expected lifetime in calendar years
expected lifetime: number of charge-discharge cycles
information on accidents
initial internal resistance of battery cell and pack
initial round trip energy efficiency
initial self-discharge rate
internal resistance increase of pack
labeling symbol
maximum permitted battery power
maximum voltage
minimum voltage
nominal voltage
number of deep discharge events
number of full charging and discharging cycles
number of overcharge events
original power capability
part number
power fade
rated capacity
ratio between nominal battery power and battery energy
remaining capacity
remaining power capability
remaining round trip energy efficiency
remaining usable battery energy
round trip energy efficiency at 50% of cycle life
safety measures
separate collection symbol
state of certified energy (SOCE)
state of charge (SoC)
symbol for cadmium
symbol for lead
temperature information
temperature range idle state, lower boundary
temperature range idle state, upper boundary
test report results
time spent charging during extreme temperatures above boundary
time spent charging during extreme temperatures below boundary
time spent in extreme temperatures above boundary
time spent in extreme temperatures below boundary
warranty period

as-of date^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-performance#asOfDate

The date and time the values of this record were read. xsd:dateTimeStamp rather than xsd:dateTime: the time zone offset is then mandatory, so no separate offset property is needed.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-performance

Source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/1542/oj

has domain: Battery State Record ^c
has range: date Time Stamp

C-rate of relevant cycle-life test^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-performance#cRateOfCycleLifeTest

Measurement parameter for 'Expected lifetime: Number of charge-discharge cycles': applied charge and discharge rate in terms of rated capacity (C-rate) of the relevant cycle-life reference test. Unit: ampere per ampere-hour (A/Ah).

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-performance

has domain: Battery Performance ^c
has range: decimal

capacity fade^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-performance#capacityFade

The decrease over time and upon usage in the amount of charge that a battery can deliver at the rated voltage, with respect to the original rated capacity as declared by the manufacturer. Unit: percent (%).

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-performance

has domain: Battery State Record ^c
has range: decimal

capacity threshold for exhaustion^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-performance#capacityThresholdForExhaustion

The percentage of SOCE (State of Certified Energy), above which the battery is still considered operational as EV battery in its current life, as provided by the economic operator. Unit: percent (%).

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-performance

has domain: Battery Durability ^c
has range: decimal

capacity throughput^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-performance#capacityThroughput

The overall sum of the capacity throughput over the battery lifetime at a specific time during usage. Unit: ampere-hour (Ah).

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-performance

has domain: Battery State Record ^c
has range: decimal

certified usable battery energy^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-performance#certifiedUsableBatteryEnergy

The usable battery energy according to the procedure in the UN GTR No 22 as determined during the certification of the vehicle. Unit: kilowatt-hour (kWh).

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-performance

has domain: Battery Performance ^c
has range: decimal

current self-discharge rate^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-performance#currentSelfDischargeRate

The change of the self-discharge rate in an idle state of the battery in reference conditions (temperature etc.) at aging parameter x, e.g. after a certain amount of storage time or number of cycles. Unit: percent per month (%/month).

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-performance

has domain: Battery State Record ^c
has range: decimal

cycle-life reference test^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-performance#cycleLifeReferenceTest

The reference test for 'Expected lifetime: Number of charge-discharge cycles'.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-performance

has domain: Battery Performance ^c
has range: string

dismantling information^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery#dismantlingInformation

Link to the dismantling documentation: exploded diagrams, disassembly sequences, fastening techniques, required tools, safety warnings, and the number and layout of cells. Migration to the CORE document pattern eudpp:Source (LCA module) is tracked in ontologies-battery#11 and deferred until the LCA module is integrated into the CORE; xsd:anyURI is the agreed interim.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery

Source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/1542/oj

has domain: Battery ^c
has range: any U R I

due diligence audit^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery#dueDiligenceAudit

Link to the third-party verification of the battery due diligence policy, carried out by a notified body. Migration to the CORE document pattern eudpp:Source (LCA module) is tracked in ontologies-battery#11 and deferred until the LCA module is integrated into the CORE; xsd:anyURI is the agreed interim.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery

Source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/1542/oj

has domain: Battery ^c
has range: any U R I

due diligence report^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery#dueDiligenceReport

Link to the battery due diligence policy and report on the supply chain, covering the raw materials listed in Annex X (cobalt, natural graphite, lithium, nickel) and the chemical compounds based on them. Migration to the CORE document pattern eudpp:Source (LCA module) is tracked in ontologies-battery#11 and deferred until the LCA module is integrated into the CORE; xsd:anyURI is the agreed interim.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery

Source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/1542/oj

has domain: Battery ^c
has range: any U R I

energy round trip efficiency fade^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-performance#roundTripEnergyEfficiencyFade

The decrease of round trip energy efficiency as percentage. Unit: percent (%).

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-performance

has domain: Battery State Record ^c
has range: decimal

energy throughput^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-performance#energyThroughput

The overall sum of the energy throughput over the battery lifetime at a specific time during usage. Unit: kilowatt-hour (kWh).

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-performance

has domain: Battery State Record ^c
has range: decimal

evolution of self-discharge rates^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-performance#selfDischargeRateEvolution

The change of self-discharge over time and usage, as percentage calculated from the initial and current self-discharge rate. Unit: percent (%).

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-performance

has domain: Battery State Record ^c
has range: decimal

expected lifetime in calendar years^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-performance#expectedLifetimeCalendarYears

Expected lifetime under the reference conditions for which the battery has been designed, in calendar years. Unit: year.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-performance

has domain: Battery Durability ^c
has range: decimal

expected lifetime: number of charge-discharge cycles^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-performance#expectedLifetimeCycles

Expected lifetime under the reference conditions for which the battery has been designed, in number of charge-discharge cycles (except for non-cycle applications).

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-performance

has domain: Battery Durability ^c
has range: integer

information on accidents^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-performance#accidentInformation

Information on accidents affecting the battery, including when incorporated in equipment it is powering, as a link to the relevant resource.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-performance

has domain: Accident Event ^c
has range: any U R I

initial internal resistance of battery cell and pack^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-performance#initialInternalResistance

'Quotient of change of voltage of a battery by the corresponding change in discharge current under specified conditions' (IEV 482 03 36), at begin of life, for battery cell and pack (module recommended). Unit: ohm.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-performance

has domain: Battery Performance ^c
has range: decimal

initial round trip energy efficiency^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-performance#initialRoundTripEnergyEfficiency

The ratio of the net energy delivered by a battery during a discharge test to the total energy required to restore the initial state of charge by a standard charge (see Regulation (EU) 2023/1542, Annex IV (6)). Unit: percent (%).

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-performance

has domain: Battery Performance ^c
has range: decimal

initial self-discharge rate^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-performance#initialSelfDischargeRate

The self-discharge rate in an idle state of the battery in reference conditions (temperature etc.) at begin of life. Unit: percent per month (%/month).

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-performance

has domain: Battery Performance ^c
has range: decimal

internal resistance increase of pack^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-performance#internalResistanceIncrease

The increase over time and upon usage of internal resistance, for the pack (cell and module recommended). Unit: percent (%).

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-performance

has domain: Battery State Record ^c
has range: decimal

labeling symbol^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-labeling#labelingSymbol

Link to the image of the label symbol displayed on the battery.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-labeling

has domain: Battery Label ^c
has range: any U R I

maximum permitted battery power^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-performance#maximumPermittedBatteryPower

The value of maximum permitted power the battery is rated for and reflects the data relevant for power limits. Unit: watt (W). Declared as Integer [W] in the BatteryPass-Ready long list; xsd:decimal retained per the Gap Analysis decision (open question to BatteryPass-Ready).

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-performance

has domain: Battery Performance ^c
has range: decimal

maximum voltage^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-performance#maximumVoltage

The upper voltage limit that the safe operation of the battery is rated for. Unit: volt (V).

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-performance

has domain: Battery Performance ^c
has range: decimal

minimum voltage^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-performance#minimumVoltage

The lower voltage limit that the safe operation of the battery is rated for. Unit: volt (V).

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-performance

has domain: Battery Performance ^c
has range: decimal

nominal voltage^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-performance#nominalVoltage

The suitable approximate value of the voltage used to designate or identify the battery. Unit: volt (V).

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-performance

has domain: Battery Performance ^c
has range: decimal

number of deep discharge events^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-performance#numberOfDeepDischargeEvents

The number of occasions, in which voltage has dropped below the lower operational limit as provided in the battery passport. In-use event counter.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-performance

has domain: Battery State Record ^c
has range: integer

number of full charging and discharging cycles^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-performance#numberOfFullCycles

In-use number of (full) charging and discharging cycles.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-performance

has domain: Battery State Record ^c
has range: integer

number of overcharge events^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-performance#numberOfOverchargeEvents

The number of occasions, in which voltage has increased above the upper operational limit as provided in the battery passport. In-use event counter.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-performance

has domain: Battery State Record ^c
has range: integer

original power capability^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-performance#originalPowerCapability

The amount of energy that a battery is capable to provide over a given period of time under reference conditions. Unit: watt (W).

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-performance

has domain: Battery Performance ^c
has range: decimal

part number^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery#partNumber

Manufacturer part number of a component of the battery, and of the battery itself where one is assigned. Annex XIII 2(b) asks for the part numbers of the components, so the subject is the component and not the battery: CIRPASS-2 decided in June 2026 not to introduce a Component class, a component being a product in its own right, linked to the battery through the CORE property dpp:isComponentOf. The domain is therefore dpp:Product rather than bat:Battery. The property is declared in the battery namespace because the CORE has no cross-sectoral part number; adding one was raised as a recommendation to the Commission. Typed as in the Spherity Battery Pass ontology v0.1, where bp:partNumber is an xsd:string datatype property.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery

Source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/1542/oj

has domain: Product ^c
has range: string

power fade^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-performance#powerFade

The decrease over time and upon usage in the amount of power that a battery can deliver at the rated voltage. Unit: percent (%).

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-performance

has domain: Battery State Record ^c
has range: decimal

rated capacity^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-performance#ratedCapacity

The total number of ampere-hours that can be withdrawn from a fully charged battery under reference conditions. Unit: ampere-hour (Ah), or milliampere-hour (mAh) for LMT batteries.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-performance

has domain: Battery Performance ^c
has range: decimal

ratio between nominal battery power and battery energy^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-performance#powerToEnergyRatio

The suitable approximate value of the power capability used to designate or identify the battery, while the battery energy is determined in reference conditions to be defined. Unit: watt per watt-hour (W/Wh). Declared as Integer [W/Wh] in the BatteryPass-Ready long list; xsd:decimal retained per the Gap Analysis decision (open question to BatteryPass-Ready).

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-performance

has domain: Battery Performance ^c
has range: decimal

remaining capacity^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-performance#remainingCapacity

The corresponding in-use data attribute to rated capacity. Unit: ampere-hour (Ah).

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-performance

has domain: Battery State Record ^c
has range: decimal

remaining power capability^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-performance#remainingPowerCapability

The amount of energy that a battery is capable to provide over a given period of time under reference conditions at a distinct point in time during its usage. Unit: watt (W).

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-performance

has domain: Battery State Record ^c
has range: decimal

remaining round trip energy efficiency^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-performance#remainingRoundTripEnergyEfficiency

The in-use analogy to the initial round trip energy efficiency: the ratio of the net energy delivered by a battery during a discharge test to the total energy required to restore the initial state of charge by a standard charge. Unit: percent (%).

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-performance

has domain: Battery State Record ^c
has range: decimal

remaining usable battery energy^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-performance#remainingUsableBatteryEnergy

The usable battery energy at the present point in the lifetime of a battery as determined according to the procedure in the UN GTR No 22. Unit: kilowatt-hour (kWh).

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-performance

has domain: Battery State Record ^c
has range: decimal

round trip energy efficiency at 50% of cycle life^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-performance#roundTripEnergyEfficiencyAt50PercentCycleLife

The ratio of the net energy delivered by a battery during a discharge test to the total energy required to restore the initial state of charge by a standard charge, measured at 50% of cycle life (see Regulation (EU) 2023/1542, Annex IV (6)). Unit: percent (%).

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-performance

has domain: Battery Performance ^c
has range: decimal

safety measures^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery#safetyMeasures

Link to the safety measures applicable to the battery. The document the URL points at is a digital instruction in the sense of the cross-sectoral class eudpp:DigitalInstruction (P_DPP), and the correspondence is recorded here as rdfs:seeAlso. It is deliberately not a SKOS mapping: this is a datatype property carrying a URL, eudpp:DigitalInstruction is a class of documents, and an alignment between the two would not hold at audit. Re-expressing this property on a CORE document pattern is the subject of ontologies-battery#11 and is deferred until that pattern is settled.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery

Source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/1542/oj

has domain: Battery ^c
has range: any U R I

separate collection symbol^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-labeling#separateCollectionSymbol

Symbol indicating the necessity of separate collection of the battery (crossed-out wheeled bin), as a link to the symbol resource. Required on all batteries; the symbol itself is set out in Annex VI Part B.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-labeling

has domain: Battery Label ^c
has range: any U R I

state of certified energy (SOCE)^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-performance#stateOfCertifiedEnergy

The measured or on-board usable battery energy performance at a specific point in its lifetime, expressed as a percentage of the certified usable battery energy. Unit: percent (%).

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-performance

has domain: Battery State Record ^c
has range: decimal

state of charge (SoC)^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-performance#stateOfCharge

The available energy or charge in a battery expressed as a percentage of rated capacity as declared by the manufacturer. When the battery's state of health is no longer equal to its initial condition, SoC refers to the maximum energy or charge that can be stored in the battery at the time of charging. Unit: percent (%).

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-performance

has domain: Battery State Record ^c
has range: decimal

symbol for cadmium^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-labeling#cadmiumSymbol

Representation of the chemical symbol 'Cd' for cadmium, as a link to the symbol resource. Its legal trigger is its own: the symbol is required for batteries containing more than 0,002 % cadmium by weight, independently of the lead symbol.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-labeling

has domain: Battery Label ^c
has range: any U R I

symbol for lead^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-labeling#leadSymbol

Representation of the chemical symbol 'Pb' for lead, as a link to the symbol resource. Its legal trigger is its own: the symbol is required for batteries containing more than 0,004 % lead by weight, independently of the cadmium symbol.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-labeling

has domain: Battery Label ^c
has range: any U R I

temperature information^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-performance#temperatureInformation

Temperature information regarding operating environmental conditions. Unit: degree Celsius (°C).

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-performance

has domain: Battery State Record ^c
has range: decimal

temperature range idle state, lower boundary^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-performance#temperatureRangeIdleStateLowerBoundary

The lower boundary of the surrounding temperature range. Unit: degree Celsius (°C).

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-performance

has domain: Temperature Exposure ^c
has range: decimal

temperature range idle state, upper boundary^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-performance#temperatureRangeIdleStateUpperBoundary

The upper boundary of the surrounding temperature range. Unit: degree Celsius (°C).

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-performance

has domain: Temperature Exposure ^c
has range: decimal

test report results^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery#testReportResults

Link to the test report results. Access is restricted to notified bodies, market surveillance authorities and the Commission; the restriction is expressed in the SHACL layer, not here. Migration to the CORE document pattern eudpp:Source (LCA module) is tracked in ontologies-battery#11 and deferred until the LCA module is integrated into the CORE; xsd:anyURI is the agreed interim.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery

Source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/1542/oj

has domain: Battery ^c
has range: any U R I

time spent charging during extreme temperatures above boundary^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-performance#timeSpentChargingInExtremeTemperaturesAboveBoundary

The aggregated time, in which the battery is charged, while temperatures above the upper boundary of the temperature range as defined in 'Temperature range idle state, upper boundary' are prevalent. Unit: minute.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-performance

has domain: Battery State Record ^c
has range: decimal

time spent charging during extreme temperatures below boundary^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-performance#timeSpentChargingInExtremeTemperaturesBelowBoundary

The aggregated time, in which the battery is charged, while temperatures below the lower boundary of the temperature range as defined in 'Temperature range idle state, lower boundary' are prevalent. Unit: minute.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-performance

has domain: Battery State Record ^c
has range: decimal

time spent in extreme temperatures above boundary^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-performance#timeSpentInExtremeTemperaturesAboveBoundary

The aggregated time, in which temperatures above the upper boundary of the temperature range as defined in 'Temperature range idle state, upper boundary' are prevalent. Unit: minute.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-performance

has domain: Battery State Record ^c
has range: decimal

time spent in extreme temperatures below boundary^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-performance#timeSpentInExtremeTemperaturesBelowBoundary

The aggregated time, in which temperatures below the lower boundary of the temperature range as defined in 'Temperature range idle state, lower boundary' are prevalent. Unit: minute.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-performance

has domain: Battery State Record ^c
has range: decimal

warranty period^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery#warrantyPeriod

Length of the commercial warranty covering the calendar life of the battery, as an ISO 8601 duration - for example "P24M" for twenty-four months. Declared in the battery namespace on the decision of 26 August 2026: a cross-sectoral warranty period was requested in CIRPASS-2/ontologies-core#34, but the ESPR does not require one, whereas Regulation (EU) 2023/1542 does, so the term stays sectoral.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery

Source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/1542/oj

has domain: Battery ^c
has range: duration

Annotation Properties

alt Label^ap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel

bibliographic Citation^ap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/bibliographicCitation

code Set^ap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/eudpp#codeSet

code Value^ap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/eudpp#codeValue

contributor^ap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/contributor

created^ap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/created

creator^ap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator

definition^ap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition

description^ap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/description

editorial Note^ap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#editorialNote

has Top Concept^ap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#hasTopConcept

in Scheme^ap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#inScheme

issued^ap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/issued

license^ap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/license

measurement unit^ap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-performance#measurementUnit

The measurement unit of the annotated datatype property, as an IRI of the SI Digital Framework (https://si-digital-framework.org/SI/units/). Used because the values are plain typed literals in this pass and not dpp:QuantitativeProperty instances, so dpp:hasMeasurementUnit - an object property on QuantitativeProperty - does not apply. Where the unit has no IRI in the framework the annotation is absent and the unit stays in rdfs:comment; the cases are listed in the module header.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-performance

modified^ap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/modified

notation^ap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#notation

pref Label^ap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel

preferred Namespace Prefix^ap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/vocab/vann/preferredNamespacePrefix

preferred Namespace Uri^ap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/vocab/vann/preferredNamespaceUri

references^ap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/references

scope Note^ap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#scopeNote

source^ap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/source

title^ap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/title

top Concept Of^ap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#topConceptOf

Named Individuals

Anode
Battery categories per Regulation (EU) 2023/1542, Art. 3(1)
Battery chemistries per the draft labelling Implementing Act
Battery lifecycle statuses per Annex XIII 4(c)
Battery locations per Annex XIII 2(a)
Battery metals subject to recycled content declaration, Art. 8(1)
Cathode
Cobalt
Electric vehicle battery
Electrolyte
Extinguisher class A
Extinguisher class B
Extinguisher class C
Extinguisher class D
Extinguisher class F
Extinguisher classes applicable to a battery
Industrial battery
Lead
Lead acid
Light means of transport battery
Lithium
Lithium ion LCO
Lithium ion LFP
Lithium ion LMO
Lithium ion NCA
Lithium ion NMC
Lithium metal
Nickel
Nickel cadmium
Nickel metal hydride
Original
Portable battery
Re-used
Remanufactured
Repurposed
Sodium-ion
Starting, lighting and ignition battery
Waste

Anodeⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-locations#Anode

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-locations

belongs to: Concept ^c; Battery Location ^c
has facts: references ^ap "Regulation (EU) 2023/1542, Annex XIII 2(a); BatteryPass-Ready Data Attribute Long List v1.3, attribute 41"@en; in Scheme ^ap Battery locations per Annex XIII 2(a) ⁿⁱ; notation ^ap "anode"; pref Label ^ap "Anode"@en; top Concept Of ^ap Battery locations per Annex XIII 2(a) ⁿⁱ

Battery categories per Regulation (EU) 2023/1542, Art. 3(1)ⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-categories#BatteryCategoryScheme

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-categories

Source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/1542/oj

belongs to: Concept Scheme ^c
has facts: references ^ap "Regulation (EU) 2023/1542, Art. 3(1)"@en; source ^ap oj ^ep; has Top Concept ^ap Electric vehicle battery ⁿⁱ; has Top Concept ^ap Industrial battery ⁿⁱ; has Top Concept ^ap Light means of transport battery ⁿⁱ; has Top Concept ^ap Portable battery ⁿⁱ; has Top Concept ^ap Starting, lighting and ignition battery ⁿⁱ; pref Label ^ap "Battery categories per Regulation (EU) 2023/1542, Art. 3(1)"@en; scope Note ^ap "Battery passport scope (Art. 77): LMT, industrial above 2 kWh and electric vehicle batteries are in scope; portable and SLI batteries are not."@en

Battery chemistries per the draft labelling Implementing Actⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-chemistries#BatteryChemistryScheme

editorial note: Re-check flag. The Implementing Act is still a draft: the ten terms and their notations are to be re-checked on adoption. CIRPASS-2/ontologies-core#25 introduces eudpp:materialTypeScheme on the MAT material type; once it exists, the ten individuals are to carry it, pointing at batchem:BatteryChemistryScheme, so that the CORE mechanism and SKOS both carry the value.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-chemistries

Source: Draft Implementing Act on the harmonised format and technical specifications for the labelling of batteries, under Regulation (EU) 2023/1542, Annex VI Part A (7). Not yet adopted; the ten terms of this scheme are the draft ones.

belongs to: Concept Scheme ^c
has facts: references ^ap "BatteryPass-Ready Data Attribute Long List v1.3, attribute 39"@en; source ^ap "Draft Implementing Act on the harmonised format and technical specifications for the labelling of batteries, under Regulation (EU) 2023/1542, Annex VI Part A (7). Not yet adopted; the ten terms of this scheme are the draft ones."@en; editorial Note ^ap "Re-check flag. The Implementing Act is still a draft: the ten terms and their notations are to be re-checked on adoption. CIRPASS-2/ontologies-core#25 introduces eudpp:materialTypeScheme on the MAT material type; once it exists, the ten individuals are to carry it, pointing at batchem:BatteryChemistryScheme, so that the CORE mechanism and SKOS both carry the value."@en; has Top Concept ^ap Lithium ion LCO ⁿⁱ; has Top Concept ^ap Lithium ion LFP ⁿⁱ; has Top Concept ^ap Lithium ion LMO ⁿⁱ; has Top Concept ^ap Lithium ion NCA ⁿⁱ; has Top Concept ^ap Lithium ion NMC ⁿⁱ; has Top Concept ^ap Lithium metal ⁿⁱ; has Top Concept ^ap Sodium-ion ⁿⁱ; has Top Concept ^ap Nickel cadmium ⁿⁱ; has Top Concept ^ap Nickel metal hydride ⁿⁱ; has Top Concept ^ap Lead acid ⁿⁱ; pref Label ^ap "Battery chemistries per the draft labelling Implementing Act"@en; scope Note ^ap "Closed list of ten terms. For secondary (rechargeable) batteries whose electrochemical composition does not correspond to any of these, the composition shall be indicated based on the molecular formula of the cathode and/or anode — that fallback is not a concept of this scheme and is to be handled by the SHACL shapes."@en

Battery lifecycle statuses per Annex XIII 4(c)ⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-statuses#BatteryStatusScheme

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-statuses

belongs to: Concept Scheme ^c
has facts: references ^ap "Regulation (EU) 2023/1542, Annex XIII 4(c); BatteryPass-Ready Data Attribute Long List v1.3, attribute 20"@en; has Top Concept ^ap Original ⁿⁱ; has Top Concept ^ap Re-used ⁿⁱ; has Top Concept ^ap Remanufactured ⁿⁱ; has Top Concept ^ap Repurposed ⁿⁱ; has Top Concept ^ap Waste ⁿⁱ; pref Label ^ap "Battery lifecycle statuses per Annex XIII 4(c)"@en; scope Note ^ap "Closed list of five terms. The status is dynamic at individual-battery granularity: it is updated on placing on the market and on every status change. A new battery passport is issued when the battery has been remanufactured, repurposed or subjected to a treatment operation preparing for re-use or repurposing and is placed on the market again; the link back to the previous passport is carried by the CORE property dpp:linkToPreviousDPP, not by this vocabulary. Access to the battery status is restricted to persons with a legitimate interest — a conformance rule expressed in the SHACL shapes, not in this ontology."@en

Battery locations per Annex XIII 2(a)ⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-locations#BatteryLocationScheme

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-locations

belongs to: Concept Scheme ^c
has facts: references ^ap "Regulation (EU) 2023/1542, Annex XIII 2(a); BatteryPass-Ready Data Attribute Long List v1.3, attribute 41"@en; has Top Concept ^ap Anode ⁿⁱ; has Top Concept ^ap Cathode ⁿⁱ; has Top Concept ^ap Electrolyte ⁿⁱ; pref Label ^ap "Battery locations per Annex XIII 2(a)"@en; scope Note ^ap "The three locations named by Regulation (EU) 2023/1542, Annex XIII 2(a). The Regulation names them without defining them, so no definition is asserted here. Access to the detailed composition is restricted to notified bodies, market surveillance authorities and the Commission; per the tier-free convention of this ontology, that restriction is expressed in the SHACL layer, not here."@en

Battery metals subject to recycled content declaration, Art. 8(1)ⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-metals#BatteryMetalScheme

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-metals

belongs to: Concept Scheme ^c
has facts: references ^ap "Regulation (EU) 2023/1542, Art. 8(1)"@en; has Top Concept ^ap Cobalt ⁿⁱ; has Top Concept ^ap Lead ⁿⁱ; has Top Concept ^ap Lithium ⁿⁱ; has Top Concept ^ap Nickel ⁿⁱ; pref Label ^ap "Battery metals subject to recycled content declaration, Art. 8(1)"@en; scope Note ^ap "Art. 8(1) does not treat the four metals alike. For cobalt, lithium and nickel it asks for the share present in ACTIVE MATERIALS and recovered from battery manufacturing waste or post-consumer waste; for lead it asks for the share present in THE BATTERY and recovered from waste. The distinction is recorded on each concept and is not expressible in the CORE today."@en

Cathodeⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-locations#Cathode

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-locations

belongs to: Concept ^c; Battery Location ^c
has facts: references ^ap "Regulation (EU) 2023/1542, Annex XIII 2(a); BatteryPass-Ready Data Attribute Long List v1.3, attribute 41"@en; in Scheme ^ap Battery locations per Annex XIII 2(a) ⁿⁱ; notation ^ap "cathode"; pref Label ^ap "Cathode"@en; top Concept Of ^ap Battery locations per Annex XIII 2(a) ⁿⁱ

Cobaltⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-metals#Cobalt

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-metals

belongs to: Concept ^c; Material Type ^c
has facts: references ^ap "Regulation (EU) 2023/1542, Art. 8(1); BatteryPass-Ready Data Attribute Long List v1.3, attributes 49 and 52"@en; alt Label ^ap "Co"@en; in Scheme ^ap Battery metals subject to recycled content declaration, Art. 8(1) ⁿⁱ; notation ^ap "Co"; pref Label ^ap "Cobalt"@en; scope Note ^ap "Recycled share is measured on the cobalt present in active materials, recovered from battery manufacturing waste or post-consumer waste. Long list attributes 49 and 52."@en; top Concept Of ^ap Battery metals subject to recycled content declaration, Art. 8(1) ⁿⁱ

Electric vehicle batteryⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-categories#ElectricVehicleBattery

a battery that is specifically designed to provide electric power for traction in hybrid or electric vehicles of category L as provided for in Regulation (EU) No 168/2013, that weighs more than 25 kg, or a battery that is specifically designed to provide electric power for traction in hybrid or electric vehicles of categories M, N or O as provided for in Regulation (EU) 2018/858

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-categories

belongs to: Concept ^c; Classification Code ^c
has facts: references ^ap "Regulation (EU) 2023/1542, Art. 3(1)(14)"@en; alt Label ^ap "EV battery"@en; definition ^ap "a battery that is specifically designed to provide electric power for traction in hybrid or electric vehicles of category L as provided for in Regulation (EU) No 168/2013, that weighs more than 25 kg, or a battery that is specifically designed to provide electric power for traction in hybrid or electric vehicles of categories M, N or O as provided for in Regulation (EU) 2018/858"@en; in Scheme ^ap Battery categories per Regulation (EU) 2023/1542, Art. 3(1) ⁿⁱ; notation ^ap "EV"; pref Label ^ap "Electric vehicle battery"@en; scope Note ^ap "In scope of the battery passport."@en; top Concept Of ^ap Battery categories per Regulation (EU) 2023/1542, Art. 3(1) ⁿⁱ; code Set ^ap https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-categories#BatteryCategoryScheme; code Value ^ap "EV"

Electrolyteⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-locations#Electrolyte

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-locations

belongs to: Concept ^c; Battery Location ^c
has facts: references ^ap "Regulation (EU) 2023/1542, Annex XIII 2(a); BatteryPass-Ready Data Attribute Long List v1.3, attribute 41"@en; in Scheme ^ap Battery locations per Annex XIII 2(a) ⁿⁱ; notation ^ap "electrolyte"; pref Label ^ap "Electrolyte"@en; top Concept Of ^ap Battery locations per Annex XIII 2(a) ⁿⁱ

Extinguisher class Aⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-extinguisher-classes#ClassA

Fires involving combustible solids. Same scope in EN 2:2005 and in NFPA 10.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-extinguisher-classes

belongs to: Concept ^c
has facts: references ^ap "Spherity Battery Pass ontology v0.1, extinguishingAgent"@en; definition ^ap "Fires involving combustible solids. Same scope in EN 2:2005 and in NFPA 10."@en; in Scheme ^ap Extinguisher classes applicable to a battery ⁿⁱ; notation ^ap "A"; pref Label ^ap "Extinguisher class A"@en; top Concept Of ^ap Extinguisher classes applicable to a battery ⁿⁱ

Extinguisher class Bⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-extinguisher-classes#ClassB

Fires involving flammable liquids or liquefiable solids. Same scope in EN 2:2005 and in NFPA 10.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-extinguisher-classes

belongs to: Concept ^c
has facts: references ^ap "Spherity Battery Pass ontology v0.1, extinguishingAgent"@en; definition ^ap "Fires involving flammable liquids or liquefiable solids. Same scope in EN 2:2005 and in NFPA 10."@en; in Scheme ^ap Extinguisher classes applicable to a battery ⁿⁱ; notation ^ap "B"; pref Label ^ap "Extinguisher class B"@en; top Concept Of ^ap Extinguisher classes applicable to a battery ⁿⁱ

Extinguisher class Cⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-extinguisher-classes#ClassC

Fires involving flammable gases, per EN 2:2005.

editorial note: Mapping trap. Under NFPA 10 the same letter denotes fires involving energised electrical equipment. The two readings are not interchangeable, so a value of C taken from a US-sourced data set must not be carried across unchecked.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-extinguisher-classes

belongs to: Concept ^c
has facts: references ^ap "Spherity Battery Pass ontology v0.1, extinguishingAgent"@en; definition ^ap "Fires involving flammable gases, per EN 2:2005."@en; editorial Note ^ap "Mapping trap. Under NFPA 10 the same letter denotes fires involving energised electrical equipment. The two readings are not interchangeable, so a value of C taken from a US-sourced data set must not be carried across unchecked."@en; in Scheme ^ap Extinguisher classes applicable to a battery ⁿⁱ; notation ^ap "C"; pref Label ^ap "Extinguisher class C"@en; top Concept Of ^ap Extinguisher classes applicable to a battery ⁿⁱ

Extinguisher class Dⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-extinguisher-classes#ClassD

Fires involving combustible metals. Same scope in EN 2:2005 and in NFPA 10; the class most likely to be relevant to lithium battery cells.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-extinguisher-classes

belongs to: Concept ^c
has facts: references ^ap "Spherity Battery Pass ontology v0.1, extinguishingAgent"@en; definition ^ap "Fires involving combustible metals. Same scope in EN 2:2005 and in NFPA 10; the class most likely to be relevant to lithium battery cells."@en; in Scheme ^ap Extinguisher classes applicable to a battery ⁿⁱ; notation ^ap "D"; pref Label ^ap "Extinguisher class D"@en; top Concept Of ^ap Extinguisher classes applicable to a battery ⁿⁱ

Extinguisher class Fⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-extinguisher-classes#ClassF

Fires involving cooking media (vegetable or animal oils and fats), per EN 2:2005.

editorial note: Renamed from batext:ClassK on 26 August 2026, when EN 2:2005 was settled as the reference standard in issue #8. Renamed outright rather than deprecated: the namespace has never been published under w3id.org.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-extinguisher-classes

belongs to: Concept ^c
has facts: references ^ap "EN 2:2005, Classification of fires; Spherity Battery Pass ontology v0.1, extinguishingAgent"@en; alt Label ^ap "K (NFPA 10)"@en; definition ^ap "Fires involving cooking media (vegetable or animal oils and fats), per EN 2:2005."@en; editorial Note ^ap "Renamed from batext:ClassK on 26 August 2026, when EN 2:2005 was settled as the reference standard in issue #8. Renamed outright rather than deprecated: the namespace has never been published under w3id.org."@en; in Scheme ^ap Extinguisher classes applicable to a battery ⁿⁱ; notation ^ap "F"; pref Label ^ap "Extinguisher class F"@en; scope Note ^ap "EN 2:2005 class F and NFPA 10 (US) class K have the same scope. The US letter is kept as skos:altLabel so that data sourced from NFPA 10, such as the Spherity Battery Pass ontology v0.1, still maps onto this concept."@en; top Concept Of ^ap Extinguisher classes applicable to a battery ⁿⁱ

Extinguisher classes applicable to a batteryⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-extinguisher-classes#ExtinguisherClassScheme

editorial note: Re-check flag. ISO 3941:2026 introduces a class L for lithium-ion battery fires, which EN 2 does not have. The class is directly pertinent to batteries, so this vocabulary is to be re-checked if EN 2 is amended, or if the final labelling Implementing Act references a standard other than EN 2:2005.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-extinguisher-classes

belongs to: Concept Scheme ^c
has facts: references ^ap "EN 2:2005, Classification of fires; BatteryPass-Ready Data Attribute Long List v1.3, attribute 24; Spherity Battery Pass ontology v0.1, extinguishingAgent"@en; editorial Note ^ap "Re-check flag. ISO 3941:2026 introduces a class L for lithium-ion battery fires, which EN 2 does not have. The class is directly pertinent to batteries, so this vocabulary is to be re-checked if EN 2 is amended, or if the final labelling Implementing Act references a standard other than EN 2:2005."@en; has Top Concept ^ap Extinguisher class A ⁿⁱ; has Top Concept ^ap Extinguisher class B ⁿⁱ; has Top Concept ^ap Extinguisher class C ⁿⁱ; has Top Concept ^ap Extinguisher class D ⁿⁱ; has Top Concept ^ap Extinguisher class F ⁿⁱ; pref Label ^ap "Extinguisher classes applicable to a battery"@en; scope Note ^ap "Closed list of the five classes of EN 2:2005 — A, B, C, D and F — the standard to which BatteryPass-Ready long list attribute 24 pins the determination of the fire class. Two mapping traps for data sourced from NFPA 10 (US), which the Spherity Battery Pass ontology v0.1 follows: NFPA class K is EN 2 class F, kept here as a skos:altLabel on batext:ClassF; and NFPA class C denotes energised electrical equipment where EN 2 class C denotes flammable gases, so the letter C cannot be carried across unchanged."@en

Industrial batteryⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-categories#IndustrialBattery

a battery that is specifically designed for industrial uses, intended for industrial uses after having been subject to preparation for repurposing or repurposing, or any other battery that weighs more than 5 kg and that is neither an electric vehicle battery, an LMT battery, nor an SLI battery

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-categories

belongs to: Concept ^c; Classification Code ^c
has facts: references ^ap "Regulation (EU) 2023/1542, Art. 3(1)(13)"@en; definition ^ap "a battery that is specifically designed for industrial uses, intended for industrial uses after having been subject to preparation for repurposing or repurposing, or any other battery that weighs more than 5 kg and that is neither an electric vehicle battery, an LMT battery, nor an SLI battery"@en; in Scheme ^ap Battery categories per Regulation (EU) 2023/1542, Art. 3(1) ⁿⁱ; notation ^ap "industrial"; pref Label ^ap "Industrial battery"@en; scope Note ^ap "In scope of the battery passport above 2 kWh."@en; top Concept Of ^ap Battery categories per Regulation (EU) 2023/1542, Art. 3(1) ⁿⁱ; code Set ^ap https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-categories#BatteryCategoryScheme; code Value ^ap "industrial"

Leadⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-metals#Lead

editorial note: Not to be confused with batchem:Pb, the lead-acid CELL CHEMISTRY of battery-chemistries. This concept is the METAL whose recycled content is declared. Different namespaces, different meanings.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-metals

belongs to: Concept ^c; Material Type ^c
has facts: references ^ap "Regulation (EU) 2023/1542, Art. 8(1); BatteryPass-Ready Data Attribute Long List v1.3, attribute 54"@en; alt Label ^ap "Pb"@en; editorial Note ^ap "Not to be confused with batchem:Pb, the lead-acid CELL CHEMISTRY of battery-chemistries. This concept is the METAL whose recycled content is declared. Different namespaces, different meanings."@en; in Scheme ^ap Battery metals subject to recycled content declaration, Art. 8(1) ⁿⁱ; notation ^ap "Pb"; pref Label ^ap "Lead"@en; scope Note ^ap "Lead is the exception in Art. 8(1): the recycled share is measured on the lead present in THE BATTERY, not in active materials, and recovered from waste without the manufacturing / post-consumer split. Long list attribute 54, which has no pre- and post-consumer counterpart."@en; top Concept Of ^ap Battery metals subject to recycled content declaration, Art. 8(1) ⁿⁱ

Lead acidⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-chemistries#Pb

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-chemistries

belongs to: Concept ^c; Material Type ^c
has facts: references ^ap "BatteryPass-Ready Data Attribute Long List v1.3, attribute 39"@en; alt Label ^ap "Pb"@en; in Scheme ^ap Battery chemistries per the draft labelling Implementing Act ⁿⁱ; notation ^ap "Pb"; pref Label ^ap "Lead acid"@en; top Concept Of ^ap Battery chemistries per the draft labelling Implementing Act ⁿⁱ

Light means of transport batteryⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-categories#LMTBattery

a battery that is sealed, weighs 25 kg or less and is specifically designed to provide electric power for the traction of wheeled vehicles that can be powered by an electric motor alone or by a combination of motor and human power, including type-approved vehicles of category L within the meaning of Regulation (EU) No 168/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council, and that is not an electric vehicle battery

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-categories

belongs to: Concept ^c; Classification Code ^c
has facts: references ^ap "Regulation (EU) 2023/1542, Art. 3(1)(11)"@en; alt Label ^ap "LMT battery"@en; definition ^ap "a battery that is sealed, weighs 25 kg or less and is specifically designed to provide electric power for the traction of wheeled vehicles that can be powered by an electric motor alone or by a combination of motor and human power, including type-approved vehicles of category L within the meaning of Regulation (EU) No 168/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council, and that is not an electric vehicle battery"@en; in Scheme ^ap Battery categories per Regulation (EU) 2023/1542, Art. 3(1) ⁿⁱ; notation ^ap "LMT"; pref Label ^ap "Light means of transport battery"@en; scope Note ^ap "In scope of the battery passport."@en; top Concept Of ^ap Battery categories per Regulation (EU) 2023/1542, Art. 3(1) ⁿⁱ; code Set ^ap https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-categories#BatteryCategoryScheme; code Value ^ap "LMT"

Lithiumⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-metals#Lithium

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-metals

belongs to: Concept ^c; Material Type ^c
has facts: references ^ap "Regulation (EU) 2023/1542, Art. 8(1); BatteryPass-Ready Data Attribute Long List v1.3, attributes 50 and 53"@en; alt Label ^ap "Li"@en; in Scheme ^ap Battery metals subject to recycled content declaration, Art. 8(1) ⁿⁱ; notation ^ap "Li"; pref Label ^ap "Lithium"@en; scope Note ^ap "Recycled share is measured on the lithium present in active materials, recovered from battery manufacturing waste or post-consumer waste. Long list attributes 50 and 53."@en; top Concept Of ^ap Battery metals subject to recycled content declaration, Art. 8(1) ⁿⁱ

Lithium ion LCOⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-chemistries#LiIonLCO

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-chemistries

belongs to: Concept ^c; Material Type ^c
has facts: references ^ap "BatteryPass-Ready Data Attribute Long List v1.3, attribute 39"@en; alt Label ^ap "Li-ion LCO"@en; alt Label ^ap "Lithium cobalt oxide"@en; in Scheme ^ap Battery chemistries per the draft labelling Implementing Act ⁿⁱ; notation ^ap "Li-ion LCO"; pref Label ^ap "Lithium ion LCO"@en; top Concept Of ^ap Battery chemistries per the draft labelling Implementing Act ⁿⁱ

Lithium ion LFPⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-chemistries#LiIonLFP

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-chemistries

belongs to: Concept ^c; Material Type ^c
has facts: references ^ap "BatteryPass-Ready Data Attribute Long List v1.3, attribute 39"@en; alt Label ^ap "Li-ion LFP"@en; alt Label ^ap "Lithium iron phosphate"@en; in Scheme ^ap Battery chemistries per the draft labelling Implementing Act ⁿⁱ; notation ^ap "Li-ion LFP"; pref Label ^ap "Lithium ion LFP"@en; top Concept Of ^ap Battery chemistries per the draft labelling Implementing Act ⁿⁱ

Lithium ion LMOⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-chemistries#LiIonLMO

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-chemistries

belongs to: Concept ^c; Material Type ^c
has facts: references ^ap "BatteryPass-Ready Data Attribute Long List v1.3, attribute 39"@en; alt Label ^ap "Li-ion LMO"@en; alt Label ^ap "Lithium manganese oxide"@en; in Scheme ^ap Battery chemistries per the draft labelling Implementing Act ⁿⁱ; notation ^ap "Li-ion LMO"; pref Label ^ap "Lithium ion LMO"@en; top Concept Of ^ap Battery chemistries per the draft labelling Implementing Act ⁿⁱ

Lithium ion NCAⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-chemistries#LiIonNCA

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-chemistries

belongs to: Concept ^c; Material Type ^c
has facts: references ^ap "BatteryPass-Ready Data Attribute Long List v1.3, attribute 39"@en; alt Label ^ap "Li-ion NCA"@en; alt Label ^ap "Lithium nickel cobalt aluminium oxide"@en; in Scheme ^ap Battery chemistries per the draft labelling Implementing Act ⁿⁱ; notation ^ap "Li-ion NCA"; pref Label ^ap "Lithium ion NCA"@en; top Concept Of ^ap Battery chemistries per the draft labelling Implementing Act ⁿⁱ

Lithium ion NMCⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-chemistries#LiIonNMC

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-chemistries

belongs to: Concept ^c; Material Type ^c
has facts: references ^ap "BatteryPass-Ready Data Attribute Long List v1.3, attribute 39"@en; alt Label ^ap "Li-ion NMC"@en; alt Label ^ap "Lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide"@en; in Scheme ^ap Battery chemistries per the draft labelling Implementing Act ⁿⁱ; notation ^ap "Li-ion NMC"; pref Label ^ap "Lithium ion NMC"@en; top Concept Of ^ap Battery chemistries per the draft labelling Implementing Act ⁿⁱ

Lithium metalⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-chemistries#LiMetal

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-chemistries

belongs to: Concept ^c; Material Type ^c
has facts: references ^ap "BatteryPass-Ready Data Attribute Long List v1.3, attribute 39"@en; alt Label ^ap "Li-metal"@en; in Scheme ^ap Battery chemistries per the draft labelling Implementing Act ⁿⁱ; notation ^ap "Li-metal"; pref Label ^ap "Lithium metal"@en; top Concept Of ^ap Battery chemistries per the draft labelling Implementing Act ⁿⁱ

Nickelⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-metals#Nickel

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-metals

belongs to: Concept ^c; Material Type ^c
has facts: references ^ap "Regulation (EU) 2023/1542, Art. 8(1); BatteryPass-Ready Data Attribute Long List v1.3, attributes 48 and 51"@en; alt Label ^ap "Ni"@en; in Scheme ^ap Battery metals subject to recycled content declaration, Art. 8(1) ⁿⁱ; notation ^ap "Ni"; pref Label ^ap "Nickel"@en; scope Note ^ap "Recycled share is measured on the nickel present in active materials, recovered from battery manufacturing waste or post-consumer waste. Long list attributes 48 and 51."@en; top Concept Of ^ap Battery metals subject to recycled content declaration, Art. 8(1) ⁿⁱ

Nickel cadmiumⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-chemistries#NiCd

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-chemistries

belongs to: Concept ^c; Material Type ^c
has facts: references ^ap "BatteryPass-Ready Data Attribute Long List v1.3, attribute 39"@en; alt Label ^ap "Ni-Cd"@en; in Scheme ^ap Battery chemistries per the draft labelling Implementing Act ⁿⁱ; notation ^ap "Ni-Cd"; pref Label ^ap "Nickel cadmium"@en; top Concept Of ^ap Battery chemistries per the draft labelling Implementing Act ⁿⁱ

Nickel metal hydrideⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-chemistries#NiMH

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-chemistries

belongs to: Concept ^c; Material Type ^c
has facts: references ^ap "BatteryPass-Ready Data Attribute Long List v1.3, attribute 39"@en; alt Label ^ap "Ni-MH"@en; in Scheme ^ap Battery chemistries per the draft labelling Implementing Act ⁿⁱ; notation ^ap "Ni-MH"; pref Label ^ap "Nickel metal hydride"@en; top Concept Of ^ap Battery chemistries per the draft labelling Implementing Act ⁿⁱ

Originalⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-statuses#Original

The battery is in its first life, as placed on the market by the manufacturer, and has not been subjected to re-use, repurposing or remanufacturing.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-statuses

belongs to: Concept ^c
has facts: references ^ap "Regulation (EU) 2023/1542, Annex XIII 4(c)"@en; definition ^ap "The battery is in its first life, as placed on the market by the manufacturer, and has not been subjected to re-use, repurposing or remanufacturing."@en; in Scheme ^ap Battery lifecycle statuses per Annex XIII 4(c) ⁿⁱ; notation ^ap "original"; pref Label ^ap "Original"@en; top Concept Of ^ap Battery lifecycle statuses per Annex XIII 4(c) ⁿⁱ

Portable batteryⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-categories#PortableBattery

a battery that is sealed, weighs 5 kg or less, is not designed specifically for industrial use and is neither an electric vehicle battery, an LMT battery, nor an SLI battery

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-categories

belongs to: Concept ^c; Classification Code ^c
has facts: references ^ap "Regulation (EU) 2023/1542, Art. 3(1)(9)"@en; definition ^ap "a battery that is sealed, weighs 5 kg or less, is not designed specifically for industrial use and is neither an electric vehicle battery, an LMT battery, nor an SLI battery"@en; in Scheme ^ap Battery categories per Regulation (EU) 2023/1542, Art. 3(1) ⁿⁱ; notation ^ap "portable"; pref Label ^ap "Portable battery"@en; scope Note ^ap "Out of scope of the battery passport."@en; top Concept Of ^ap Battery categories per Regulation (EU) 2023/1542, Art. 3(1) ⁿⁱ; code Set ^ap https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-categories#BatteryCategoryScheme; code Value ^ap "portable"

Re-usedⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-statuses#ReUsed

The battery has been subjected to a treatment operation preparing it for re-use and placed on the market again for the purpose it was originally designed for.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-statuses

belongs to: Concept ^c
has facts: references ^ap "Regulation (EU) 2023/1542, Annex XIII 4(c)"@en; alt Label ^ap "reused"@en; definition ^ap "The battery has been subjected to a treatment operation preparing it for re-use and placed on the market again for the purpose it was originally designed for."@en; in Scheme ^ap Battery lifecycle statuses per Annex XIII 4(c) ⁿⁱ; notation ^ap "re-used"; pref Label ^ap "Re-used"@en; scope Note ^ap "A repaired battery is recorded under this status, with the repair itself made transparent through the repair history. The history belongs to the CORE event module (dpp:RepairEvent); no 'repaired' status is declared here."@en; top Concept Of ^ap Battery lifecycle statuses per Annex XIII 4(c) ⁿⁱ

Remanufacturedⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-statuses#Remanufactured

The battery has been subjected to remanufacturing and placed on the market again.

editorial note: Remanufacturing is an ESPR-wide notion, not a battery-specific one. This is the concept most likely to move to the CORE if a generic product status is introduced.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-statuses

belongs to: Concept ^c
has facts: references ^ap "Regulation (EU) 2023/1542, Annex XIII 4(c)"@en; definition ^ap "The battery has been subjected to remanufacturing and placed on the market again."@en; editorial Note ^ap "Remanufacturing is an ESPR-wide notion, not a battery-specific one. This is the concept most likely to move to the CORE if a generic product status is introduced."@en; in Scheme ^ap Battery lifecycle statuses per Annex XIII 4(c) ⁿⁱ; notation ^ap "remanufactured"; pref Label ^ap "Remanufactured"@en; top Concept Of ^ap Battery lifecycle statuses per Annex XIII 4(c) ⁿⁱ

Repurposedⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-statuses#Repurposed

The battery has been subjected to repurposing and placed on the market again for a purpose or application other than the one it was originally designed for.

editorial note: The definition of 'repurposing' is in Art. 3(1) of Regulation (EU) 2023/1542; the point number is to be confirmed against the consolidated text.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-statuses

belongs to: Concept ^c
has facts: references ^ap "Regulation (EU) 2023/1542, Annex XIII 4(c)"@en; definition ^ap "The battery has been subjected to repurposing and placed on the market again for a purpose or application other than the one it was originally designed for."@en; editorial Note ^ap "The definition of 'repurposing' is in Art. 3(1) of Regulation (EU) 2023/1542; the point number is to be confirmed against the consolidated text."@en; in Scheme ^ap Battery lifecycle statuses per Annex XIII 4(c) ⁿⁱ; notation ^ap "repurposed"; pref Label ^ap "Repurposed"@en; top Concept Of ^ap Battery lifecycle statuses per Annex XIII 4(c) ⁿⁱ

Sodium-ionⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-chemistries#NaIon

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-chemistries

belongs to: Concept ^c; Material Type ^c
has facts: references ^ap "BatteryPass-Ready Data Attribute Long List v1.3, attribute 39"@en; alt Label ^ap "Na-ion"@en; in Scheme ^ap Battery chemistries per the draft labelling Implementing Act ⁿⁱ; notation ^ap "Na-ion"; pref Label ^ap "Sodium-ion"@en; top Concept Of ^ap Battery chemistries per the draft labelling Implementing Act ⁿⁱ

Starting, lighting and ignition batteryⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-categories#SLIBattery

a battery that is specifically designed to supply electric power for starting, lighting, or ignition and that can also be used for auxiliary or backup purposes in vehicles, other means of transport or machinery

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-categories

belongs to: Concept ^c; Classification Code ^c
has facts: references ^ap "Regulation (EU) 2023/1542, Art. 3(1)(12)"@en; alt Label ^ap "SLI battery"@en; definition ^ap "a battery that is specifically designed to supply electric power for starting, lighting, or ignition and that can also be used for auxiliary or backup purposes in vehicles, other means of transport or machinery"@en; in Scheme ^ap Battery categories per Regulation (EU) 2023/1542, Art. 3(1) ⁿⁱ; notation ^ap "SLI"; pref Label ^ap "Starting, lighting and ignition battery"@en; scope Note ^ap "Out of scope of the battery passport."@en; top Concept Of ^ap Battery categories per Regulation (EU) 2023/1542, Art. 3(1) ⁿⁱ; code Set ^ap https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-categories#BatteryCategoryScheme; code Value ^ap "SLI"

Wasteⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-statuses#Waste

The battery is a waste battery: it is discarded or intended to be discarded, and is no longer placed on the market as a battery.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/eudpp/battery-statuses

belongs to: Concept ^c
has facts: references ^ap "Regulation (EU) 2023/1542, Annex XIII 4(c)"@en; definition ^ap "The battery is a waste battery: it is discarded or intended to be discarded, and is no longer placed on the market as a battery."@en; in Scheme ^ap Battery lifecycle statuses per Annex XIII 4(c) ⁿⁱ; notation ^ap "waste"; pref Label ^ap "Waste"@en; scope Note ^ap "Reaching this status does not by itself deactivate the passport. Passport deactivation is a property of the digital resource, carried by dpp:dppStatus on dpp:DPP."@en; top Concept Of ^ap Battery lifecycle statuses per Annex XIII 4(c) ⁿⁱ

Legend back to ToC

^c: Classes
^op: Object Properties
^dp: Data Properties
ⁿⁱ: Named Individuals
^ep: External Properties

Acknowledgments back to ToC

The authors would like to thank Silvio Peroni for developing LODE, a Live OWL Documentation Environment, which is used for representing the Cross Referencing Section of this document and Daniel Garijo for developing Widoco, the program used to create the template used in this documentation.

EU DPP Battery Ontology

Release: 2026-07-07

EU DPP Battery Ontology: Overview back to ToC

Classes

Object Properties

Data Properties

Annotation Properties

Named Individuals

EU DPP Battery Ontology : Description back to ToC

Cross-reference for EU DPP Battery Ontology classes, object properties and data properties back to ToC

Classes

Accident Eventc back to ToC or Class ToC

Batteryc back to ToC or Class ToC

Battery Chemistryc back to ToC or Class ToC

Battery Durabilityc back to ToC or Class ToC

Battery Labelc back to ToC or Class ToC

Battery Locationc back to ToC or Class ToC

Battery Performancec back to ToC or Class ToC

Battery State Recordc back to ToC or Class ToC

Temperature Exposurec back to ToC or Class ToC

Object Properties

extinguishing agentop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

has battery chemistryop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

has battery durabilityop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

has battery labelop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

has battery locationop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

has battery performanceop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

has battery state recordop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

has battery statusop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

has temperature exposureop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

Data Properties

as-of datedp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

C-rate of relevant cycle-life testdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

capacity fadedp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

capacity threshold for exhaustiondp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

capacity throughputdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

certified usable battery energydp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

current self-discharge ratedp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

cycle-life reference testdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

dismantling informationdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

due diligence auditdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

due diligence reportdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

energy round trip efficiency fadedp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

energy throughputdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

evolution of self-discharge ratesdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

expected lifetime in calendar yearsdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

expected lifetime: number of charge-discharge cyclesdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

information on accidentsdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

initial internal resistance of battery cell and packdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

initial round trip energy efficiencydp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

initial self-discharge ratedp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

internal resistance increase of packdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

labeling symboldp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

maximum permitted battery powerdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

maximum voltagedp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

minimum voltagedp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

nominal voltagedp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

number of deep discharge eventsdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

number of full charging and discharging cyclesdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

number of overcharge eventsdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

original power capabilitydp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

part numberdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

power fadedp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

rated capacitydp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

ratio between nominal battery power and battery energydp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

remaining capacitydp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

remaining power capabilitydp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

remaining round trip energy efficiencydp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

remaining usable battery energydp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

round trip energy efficiency at 50% of cycle lifedp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

safety measuresdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

separate collection symboldp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

state of certified energy (SOCE)dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

state of charge (SoC)dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

symbol for cadmiumdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

symbol for leaddp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

temperature informationdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

temperature range idle state, lower boundarydp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

temperature range idle state, upper boundarydp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

test report resultsdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

Accident Event^c back to ToC or Class ToC

Battery^c back to ToC or Class ToC

Battery Chemistry^c back to ToC or Class ToC

Battery Durability^c back to ToC or Class ToC

Battery Label^c back to ToC or Class ToC

Battery Location^c back to ToC or Class ToC

Battery Performance^c back to ToC or Class ToC

Battery State Record^c back to ToC or Class ToC

Temperature Exposure^c back to ToC or Class ToC

extinguishing agent^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

has battery chemistry^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

has battery durability^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

has battery label^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

has battery location^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

has battery performance^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

has battery state record^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

has battery status^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

has temperature exposure^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

as-of date^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

C-rate of relevant cycle-life test^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

capacity fade^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

capacity threshold for exhaustion^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

capacity throughput^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

certified usable battery energy^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

current self-discharge rate^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

cycle-life reference test^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

dismantling information^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

due diligence audit^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

due diligence report^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

energy round trip efficiency fade^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

energy throughput^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

evolution of self-discharge rates^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

expected lifetime in calendar years^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

expected lifetime: number of charge-discharge cycles^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

information on accidents^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

initial internal resistance of battery cell and pack^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

initial round trip energy efficiency^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

initial self-discharge rate^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

internal resistance increase of pack^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

labeling symbol^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

maximum permitted battery power^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

maximum voltage^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

minimum voltage^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

nominal voltage^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

number of deep discharge events^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

number of full charging and discharging cycles^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

number of overcharge events^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

original power capability^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

part number^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

power fade^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

rated capacity^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

ratio between nominal battery power and battery energy^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

remaining capacity^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

remaining power capability^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

remaining round trip energy efficiency^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

remaining usable battery energy^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

round trip energy efficiency at 50% of cycle life^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

safety measures^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

separate collection symbol^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

state of certified energy (SOCE)^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

state of charge (SoC)^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

symbol for cadmium^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

symbol for lead^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

temperature information^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

temperature range idle state, lower boundary^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

temperature range idle state, upper boundary^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

test report results^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

time spent charging during extreme temperatures above boundary^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

time spent charging during extreme temperatures below boundary^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

time spent in extreme temperatures above boundary^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

time spent in extreme temperatures below boundary^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

warranty period^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

alt Label^ap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

bibliographic Citation^ap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

code Set^ap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

code Value^ap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

contributor^ap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

created^ap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

creator^ap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

definition^ap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC